| Common environmental health risks | Common environmental health risks | | <img alt="" src="https://resource.capetown.gov.za/cityassets/PublishingImages/Common%20Environmental%20Health%20Risks%20In%20The%20Home%20Header.jpg" style="BORDER:0px solid;" /> | <div class="ExternalClass1CB1D86D99604C54BDD1CFDA36A67427"><p>Our home and local environment can pose health risks unless managed responsibly. By identifying environmental risks and learning how to avoid them, we can ensure a safer and healthier environment at home and in the community.</p></div> | <h2 class="sectHeading">Avoid disease in the home and workplace<br></h2><p>Washing your hands properly is one of the simplest and most effective ways to protect against certain diseases like diarrhoea and food poisoning. Download our
<a href="https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Graphics%20and%20educational%20material/hand%20washing%20ENG%20A4.pdf" target="_blank">Hand Washing Pamphlet</a> for more information. </p><p>If you operate a restaurant or other food catering business, it is essential to keep your kitchen or canteen clean and hygienic to avoid food contamination. Our health inspectors conduct regular site visits and all food vendors, including hawkers, are required to have a Certificate of Acceptability certifying that they meet health and safety requirements.</p>
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<i class="info citycard"></i></div><div class="desc"><h4>City Connect</h4><p>
<a href="https://www.capetown.gov.za/City-Connect/Apply/Licences-and-permits/Business-and-trade/Apply-for-a-certificate-of-acceptability">Apply for a Certificate of Acceptability</a>.</p></div></div></span>
<p>It’s also harder to spread common environmental diseases when we understand how they are carried and contracted. For more information on environmental diseases, download the
<a href="https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Graphics%20and%20educational%20material/Common%20environmental%20diseases.pdf" target="_blank">Common Environmental Health Risks and Diseases Handbook</a>. <span> </span></p><div class="notification with-heading dark-copy light-blue bg-light-grey"><div class="graphic with-border">
<i class="info fastfact"></i></div><div class="desc"><h4>Fast fact</h4><p>
<a href="https://www.capetown.gov.za/Family%20and%20home/Personal-health/infectious-and-chronic-diseases/TB">TB germs</a> are easily destroyed by sunlight and fresh air. Try to keep windows and doors open.</p></div></div><h2 class="sectHeading">Passive smoking</h2><p>Lung cancer – caused mainly by cigarette smoking – is the number one cause of cancer deaths in Cape Town. You may not be a smoker but did you know that, even if you don’t smoke, exposure to someone else’s smoke (also known as passive smoking) can also cause lung cancer? This is why it is so important for us all to comply with the
<a href="https://www.gov.za/documents/tobacco-products-control-act" target="_blank">Tobacco Control Act<i class="icon link-external"></i></a>. Read our
<a href="https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Graphics%20and%20educational%20material/Tobacco_Use_Fact_Sheet.pdf" target="_blank">Smoking and Tobacco Use Fact Sheet</a> for more information.</p><h4> Although the Tobacco Control Act targets mostly public spaces, even in our private environments, the rules are clear: </h4><ul><li>It is illegal to sell or give tobacco products (or any sweet or toy that looks like a tobacco product) to anyone under the age of 18<br></li><li>You may not smoke tobacco products (cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco, snuff) in an indoor, enclosed or partially enclosed area that is open to the public – including a workplace and public transport vehicle</li><li>It is illegal to smoke in a car in the company of a child under the age of 12</li><li>It is illegal to smoke in a private house or dwelling that is used for childcare, schooling or tutoring</li><li>It is the responsibility of the owner or person in charge of the public space (or vehicle) to make sure no one smokes there</li><li>A designated smoking area is allowed in a public space if it meets the
<a href="https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Procedures%2c%20guidelines%20and%20regulations/General%20-%20Guidelines%20and%20Requirements%20for%20Smoking%20Rooms%20and%20Areas.pdf" target="_blank">Guidelines for the Design of a Smoking Room/Area</a></li></ul><p>
<a href="https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Graphics%20and%20educational%20material/Tobacco_Use_Fact_Sheet.pdf" target="_blank">Find out more about smoking </a>or download our infographic below to see how smoking not only damages your health, but robs you of other opportunities.<br></p>
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<img class="responsive" alt="placeholder" src="https://resource.capetown.gov.za/cityassets/Inline%20Images/Cost%20Of%20Drugs%20-%20Cigarettes%20-%20Thumbnail.jpg" /></figure>
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<span class="infoGraphicSpan">INFOGRAPHIC</span><br><strong>COST OF DRUGS - CIGARETTES</strong></p>
<a title="title" class="btn dark-blue" href="https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Graphics%20and%20educational%20material/Cost%20Of%20Drugs%20-%20Cigarettes%20-%20Poster.pdf" target="_blank"><i class="icon download"></i>Download PDF</a> </figcaption> </div></span>
<h2 class="sectHeading">Smoke inhalation from fires</h2><p>Smoke from burning fuel (e.g. gas, paraffin, coal or wood) can cause illnesses like asthma, bronchitis, coughing and pneumonia, especially in places with little to no ventilation. Many people die every year from smoke inhalation from indoor fires. Young children, the elderly and people with pre-existing medical conditions are particularly vulnerable. If you’re creating fires indoors – whether for heating or cooking – make sure you keep your environment ventilated and try and use healthier fire sources.</p><h4> Indoor fires: Tips to reduce smoke pollution</h4><ul><li>Choose energy-efficient wood and energy-efficient coal stoves (if possible). These reduce the amount of fuel needed, produce less smoke and save some money.</li><li>If you’re using wood, always choose dry wood. Wet wood is inefficient (a lot of energy is used to dry out the water in the wood before it can create warmth) and releases a lot of smoke.</li><li>If you use an mbawula or other coal stove, ask your supplier for low-smoke coal (if possible). Make an “upside-down fire” – put the coals at the bottom and paper and wood on top – as this releases less smoke. Always light the fire outside and bring it indoors only once the coals are red.</li><li>If you use paraffin, make sure the container is clean – dirty paraffin releases dirty, harmful smoke. Similarly, keep your paraffin stove clean – your fuel will last longer and the smoke from the stove will not be as poisonous.</li><li>Never burn refuse (rubbish), unwanted furniture, copper wire or any other materials – these release toxic fumes.</li><li>Always make sure the room is well ventilated by keeping a window or door open when cooking or using heating appliances which do not use electricity.</li><li>Always make sure there is a chimney or other ventilation for any smoke that is released.</li><li>Build a fire that suits your needs. Don’t build a huge fire for cooking a small meal or heating a small space.</li><li>Be a good neighbour. Do not cause smoke from your fire to be a nuisance to your neighbours.</li></ul><h2 class="sectHeading">Pest control and chemical safety</h2><p>Infestations of rats and flies, which tend to feed on our food waste, can make us very sick as they are vectors for infection. The City places baiting stations for rodent control in public spaces and vulnerable areas but not in the home.</p><h4>Help to ensure that your home and surrounding environment is kept pest-free:</h4><ul><li>Do not let flies rest on your food</li><li>Try to keep all food stored safely in durable airtight containers (rats can eat through paper)</li><li>Do not touch a rat, even if it doesn't look dangerous – not only do they bite but they may also carry disease</li><li>Throw away all food waste in bins or plastic bags and secure it tightly to keep flies out</li><li>Don't leave food waste on the floor, even if in a plastic bag</li></ul><h4> Do you have a rodent problem?</h4><p>City Health offers free rodent control services to residents in poorer communities. Contact your local
<a href="https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Forms%2c%20notices%2c%20tariffs%20and%20lists/LIST_ENVIRONMENTAL_HEALTH_OFFICES.pdf" target="_blank">Environmental Health Office</a> or leave a rodent complaint at your
<a href="https://www.capetown.gov.za/Family%20and%20home/See-all-City-facilities/Our-service-facilities/Clinics%20and%20healthcare%20facilities">local clinic</a>.<br></p><h4>Pest management and chemical safety</h4><p>Illegal pesticides are dangerous and are harmful to the environment and to human health. Our Environmental Health Practitioners conduct year-round awareness on topics like waste management, food safety and the safe use of pesticides to reduce the risk of accidental exposure to harmful substances.</p><p>Read our
<a href="https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Graphics%20and%20educational%20material/Pest_Management_and_Chemical_Safety_Tips.pdf" target="_blank">Pest Management and Chemical Safety Tips</a>.</p><p>Simple household ingredients can be effective for pest control. Check out the video below for more tips.</p><div class="responsive-media">
<iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/D3bC0ZYWrhM" frameborder="0"></iframe> </div><h4>What to do when poisoned?</h4><ul><li>Do not give milk or force vomiting </li><li>Rinse mouth with water </li><li>Wash poision off skin and rinse eyes with water</li><li>Call the Poisons Information Helpline (24/7) on
<a>0861 555 777</a></li></ul><h2 class="sectHeading">Waste disposal<br></h2><p>Poor waste management can be a major health hazard. Although we remove domestic and industrial waste, there are steps you can take to manage your waste safely until it is collected. </p><div class="mobile-scroll"><table>
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<b>Guidelines for a healthier bin environment</b></caption>
<thead><tr><th>Do</th><th>Don’t</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Wrap all collected pet faeces in a sealed plastic bag and dispose of properly, daily. </td><td>Never leave decaying matter exposed. Flies love to feed on faeces, rubbish or foods that have gone "off", disposable nappies, fish entrails and rotting grass cuttings. </td></tr><tr><td>Seal wet kitchen rubbish in plastic bags or newspaper parcels before putting it in your bin. This will stop fly eggs from hatching. </td><td>Don’t store your waste bins in the direct sun. </td></tr><tr><td>Use a tough black plastic bag for your household and garden waste. This stops the bag breaking and keeps the flies out.</td><td>Don’t let animals break into your bags. Apply one drop of citronella oil in the bag before closing it. You can get citronella oil from most pharmacies. </td></tr><tr><td>Only put your waste out on the day of collection. </td><td>Don’t leave your wheelie bin open.</td></tr><tr><td>Kill maggots when you see them! Use an insecticide to kill them and then close the lid. When the bin has been emptied, wash it with a disinfectant and allow it to dry out.</td><td>Don’t leave loose waste outside your wheelie bin.</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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<strong>Hazardous waste<br></strong>Household hazardous waste is also a huge risk. Please make sure you
<a href="https://www.capetown.gov.za/Family%20and%20home/Residential-utility-services/Residential-solid-waste-services/hazardous-waste">dispose of your hazardous waste</a> properly. </p><p>Please also see our
<a href="https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Maps%20and%20statistics/HAZARDOUS%20HOUSEHOLD%20LEAFLET%20AND%20MAP.pdf" target="_blank">Hazardous Household Waste Drop Off Sites Map</a>.<br></p><div class="notification with-heading dark-copy pink bg-light-grey"><div class="graphic with-border">
<i class="info remember"></i> </div><div class="desc"><h4>Remember</h4><p>
<a href="https://www.capetown.gov.za/Family%20and%20home/greener-living/recycling-at-home/recycling-guide">Recycling</a> is the best way to dispose of waste and maintain a healthy and sustainable environment. </p></div></div><h2 class="sectHeading">Keeping animals and poultry</h2><p>Many people keep livestock in or near their homes to produce their own food or for security. Keeping livestock in your community can cause a public health threat if they are not cared for properly. The City provides guidelines and has rules for keeping livestock in your community. Follow the City Connect link below to find out how to apply to keep animals.</p>
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<i class="info citycard"></i></div><div class="desc"><h4>City Connect</h4><p>
<a href="https://www.capetown.gov.za/City-Connect/Apply/Licences-and-permits/Business-and-trade/Apply-to-keep-animals/Apply%20to%20keep%20animals">Apply to keep animals</a></p></div></div></span>
<h2 class="sectHeading">Noise pollution</h2><p>Noise pollution can be regarded as an environmental health risk and we have put a number of measures in place to control it. While everyday sounds are not always disturbing or a health risk, sometimes noise can be so loud that it becomes a serious problem.</p><h4>Protect Your Hearing, Protect Your Health</h4><p>Noise is more than just a nuisance - it is a public health concern. According to the World Health Organisation, prolonged exposure to high noise levels can contribute to serious health conditions, including:</p><ul><li>hypertension</li><li>heart disease</li><li>sleep disturbances, and </li><li>hearing loss. </li></ul><p>These impacts can significantly reduce the quality of life and overall well-being. </p><p> <strong>Listening Safely in a World of Music Pods
</strong><br>Personal listening devices are part of everyday life, but safe listening matters. With the rise of music pods and personal audio devices, residents are encouraged to enjoy their favourite tunes responsibly. Simple changes can make a lasting difference: </p><ul><li>
<strong>Follow the 60/60 rule:</strong> The louder the sound, the shorter the safe listening time. Listen at no more than 60% volume for no longer than 60 minutes at a time. </li><li>
<strong>Use noise-cancelling headphones:</strong> Use well-fitted earphones or noise-cancelling headphones so you don’t turn the volume up to compete with background noise. </li><li>
<strong>Take listening breaks: </strong>Give your ears time to recover throughout the day - step into a quiet space for a few minutes, especially after long listening sessions. </li><li>
<strong>Be aware of warning signs:</strong> Ringing/buzzing (tinnitus), muffled hearing after listening, or difficulty hearing high-pitched sounds are signals to lower your exposure and consider a hearing check. </li><li>
<strong>Protect your ears at loud venues:</strong> At concerts, clubs and sports events: wear earplugs, move away from speakers, and rest your ears in a quiet space for short periods. </li><li>
<strong>Choose quieter environments where possible: </strong>Reducing background noise lowers the need for higher volumes. </li><li>Clean earphones regularly, do not insert them too deeply, replace worn earphone tips, do not share earphones with others and keep your ears dry and clean to prevent infection. </li></ul><p> Creating a healthier sound environment is a shared responsibility. Whether at home, work, or in public spaces, everyone can play a role in lowering harmful noise levels. Small actions can collectively reduce noise pollution and protect community wellbeing</p><ul><li>
<strong>Keep volume at a considerate level:</strong> If sound carries beyond your home, it’s likely too loud. </li><li>
<strong>Be mindful of timing: </strong>Lower noise levels in the early morning and late evening when sound travels further and people are resting.</li><li>
<strong>Use headphones for personal listening: </strong>A simple switch that makes a big difference, especially at night. </li><li>
<strong>Plan gatherings with neighbours in mind: </strong>Keeping music moderate and wrapping up at a reasonable time helps maintain goodwill. </li><li>
<strong>Close windows and doors when playing music or watching TV: </strong>This helps contain sound indoors. </li><li>
<strong>Fix or manage ongoing noise sources:</strong> Address things like alarms, rattling gates, or persistent pet noise early before they become a nuisance. </li></ul><p>For extreme noise disturbances, call your nearest
<a href="https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Forms%2c%20notices%2c%20tariffs%20and%20lists/Contact%20Numbers%20for%20Noise%20in%20Health.pdf" target="_blank"> Environmental Health Office</a>, our Noise Unit on
<em><a>021 400 3781</a></em>, or our hotline on
<em><a>086 010 3089</a></em>.</p>
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<div class="notification with-heading white-copy yellow bg-darker-grey"><div class="graphic">
<i class="info citycard"></i></div><div class="desc"><h4>City Connect</h4><p>
<a title="title" href="https://www.capetown.gov.za/City-Connect/Report/Report-noise-pollution/Report-a-noise-disturbance">Report noise disturbances in your community</a>.</p></div></div></span>
<p> You can also go straight to our
<a href="https://www.capetown.gov.za/servicerequests" target="_blank">service requests app<i class="icon link-external"></i></a> and fill out a reporting form. This will take a little longer to finalise but is trackable and will go to the right department. In an emergency, it’s best to call our emergency number above.</p><p> We have also compiled a
<a href="https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Graphics%20and%20educational%20material/What%20is%20noise.pdf" target="_blank">'What is Noise’ booklet</a> for residents to help us all work together to control uncomfortable noise levels in our communities. </p><h2 class="sectHeading">Contact us</h2><p>
<strong><a href="https://www.capetown.gov.za/Departments/City%20Health%20Department">City Health Department</a></strong></p><p>
<em>Telephone:<br><a>0860 103 089</a></em></p> | | GP0|#c67dae96-8d9d-40ba-843a-0b39e72dfc79;L0|#0c67dae96-8d9d-40ba-843a-0b39e72dfc79|Common environmental health risks;GTSet|#ef3a64a2-d764-44bc-9d69-3a63d3fadea1;GPP|#03d7df1d-5cbf-4874-a5be-4276bc4cceea;GPP|#df0a3405-0ca1-4617-8047-15a034219fee;GPP|#245ec7aa-a528-4cd3-bcac-597c292db711;GP0|#d5c7e5e3-6bb4-4f76-85c8-ff05efcdc8e2;L0|#0d5c7e5e3-6bb4-4f76-85c8-ff05efcdc8e2|Common environmental health risks;GPP|#69af3a35-ae90-45eb-8557-9dcd3cb9880b;GPP|#36dcb5fe-6bfc-4ae9-92d7-8bd08d1f6414;GPP|#af370586-9ba3-404a-9d6e-02066ca42752 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Be aware of common environmental health risks in around the home, such as smoking and passive smoking, pests and waste. | 0 |
