A measles outbreak that started in Gauteng last year has spread to all of South Africa's provinces, including the Western Cape.

Measles is an acute viral infection that is extremely infectious. The illness is characterised by a cough, runny nose, fever and a blotchy red rash. The rash first develops in the facial area, accompanied by swelling of the eyes and conjunctiva. The mouth becomes red as well. The rash then spreads over the body within three to seven days.

A person who contracts measles is infectious the day before the symptoms occur, and about four days before and after the rash appears. After the second day of the rash, there is minimal risk for infecting others. The period between exposure and the start of illness is about 10 days.

Measles is most severe in malnourished children, with the highest fatality rates occurring in malnourished children under the age of one. Measles is also more severe in adults than in children over two years of age. Potential complications include ear infections, diarrhoea, pneumonia, croup and convulsions.

There have been just over 100 cases of measles reported in Cape Town since October 2009. The majority of these were children under the age of five and Health Workers between 30 and 39 years of age.

All children should routinely receive a measles vaccination at nine months as well as a booster injection at 18 months. Measles immunisations are available free of charge from all City Health clinics.

The next nation-wide polio and measles campaign is planned for April this year. Until this is underway, City Health and the Provincial Government Department of Health have agreed to closely monitor any local outbreaks, conduct routine follow-ups and launch targeted campaigns.

Parents who are unsure if their children under the age of five have received the recommended measles vaccines should take their child to the nearest clinic for catch-up doses.

“Measles is a preventable disease, and the City urges residents to be aware of the symptoms and to ensure that their children’s vaccinations are up to date,” says Dr. Ivan Bromfield, Executive Director: City Health.